Kentuckt Lake Asian Carp

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10 MILLION POUNDS OF CARP!!!

By Steve McCadams

The Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency’s Asian Carp Harvest Incentive Program (ACHIP) has reached a milestone in July as 10 million pounds of invasive carp have been removed from Kentucky and Barkley reservoirs. The program began in September 2018 and has provided incentives to wholesale fish dealers and commercial fishers that harvest invasive carp.

“Commercial harvest is a key strategy to defend our waters from the impacts and expansion of invasive carp,” said Cole Harty, TWRA Aquatic Nuisance Species Coordinator. “The other key strategy to prevent the spread of carp to waters upstream is deterrents.”

TWRA continues to support the implementation and evaluation of the BioAcoustic Fish Fence (BAFF) at Barkley Dam in Kentucky. Preliminary results of the BAFF appear promising, according to officials.

“Though no deterrent is expected to be 100 percent effective, even moderate levels of deterrence can significantly reduce the number of fish moving upstream through locks,” Harty said. “Deterrents, when coupled with commercial harvest near the source of carp immigration, is the best strategy we have to prevent the spread of carp to waters upstream.”

Given what is currently understood about carp populations in the Tennessee River, TWRA, with state and federal partners and invasive carp experts from across the country, are in consensus. Deterrents at locations including Wilson, Kentucky, Pickwick and Guntersville dams are an urgent need that will provide benefits to the entire Tennessee River system, including the most upstream reservoirs.

VOICE YOUR SUPPORT: TVA PROPOSAL FOR ASIAN CARP BARRIERS

The Tennessee Valley Authority is proposing special, underwater barriers along the Tennessee River to limit the movement of invasive Asian carp. And they're asking for your input!

If you’re the least bit concerned about the invasive Asian carp situation on our waterways, namely Kentucky Lake and elsewhere up the Tennessee River, then take notice of an approaching deadline. Tennessee Valley Authority is asking for public comment so this is your chance to stand up and be counted.

Comments must be received by next Thursday, August 5 and can be sent to nepa@tva.gov or mailed to Elizabeth Smith, NEPA Specialist, 400 West Summit Hill Drive, WT 11B, Knoxville, TN 37902.

Concerned conservationist and anglers can also log on to the website of Tennessee Wildlife Federation where an informative guide and quick form can assist you in making your comments simply by making a few quick taps on your keyboard.

For a quick reference and form for submission in support of the carp barriers go to info@tnwf.org. There you can simply find a summary and make a quick vote of support that will be recorded and sent to TVA.

Invasive carp have been spreading through our waterways for years, and they're wreaking havoc on our aquatic species, outdoor recreation, and local economies. Special underwater barriers stop the fishes' easy movement between waterways.

Tennessee Wildlife Federation supports the TVA's proposal--it's a crucial step to blocking and tackling carp in our waters. The Federation has already worked to secure millions in funding to fight carp in recent years, and they’re working to get even more for barrier projects like this.

But first, Tennessee Wildlife Federation says we have to get TVA's proposed plan approved! Send them a message in support of studying and installing barriers, what they refer to as "Preferred Alternative G."

Their "Preferred Alternative G" is being studied for its environmental impact now and would significantly limit the fishes' movement, prioritizing seven critical points.

Without enough support, TVA may have to go with the so-called "No Action" alternative—you can guess what that means.

Over the years, the Federation has worked on a number of invasive carp initiatives including securing the authorization of $25 million in funding to combat invasive carp in Southern states. But we know it will take millions more and critical barrier projects, like the ones TVA is proposing, to get the job done, says TWF.

With billions in economic impact and fishing and boating traditions at risk, it’s crucial we seize every opportunity to stop this invasive species says TWF in an email sent out recently to its membership base and post on its website.

The Tennessee Valley Authority is asking for public input on the potential environmental and economic impacts of installing Asian carp barriers at 10 lock and dam sites along the Tennessee River. Documents related to this proposal can be found at www.tva.com/nepa.

TVA is not the lead agency for controlling the spread of Asian carp in the Tennessee River but is supporting a national multiagency effort to control Asian carp in the river system.

At the present time a barrier known as a (B.A.F.F.) Bio Acoustic Fish Fence,has been placed at Barkley Dam, which is on the Cumberland River not far from Kentucky Dam at Gilbertsville, KY. However, there is no barrier in place at Kentucky Dam which is on the Tennessee River.

Biologists know the carp are migrating into both Kentucky and Barkley Lakes from the Ohio River. And, the Mississippi River is full of them so they venture out into any tributary streams. Thus the path from the Mississippi into the Ohio and from there it’s a short swim into the Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers.

Once these prolific fish congregate in big numbers in the trailrace of dams they seize the opportunity to blitz into the locks when tow boats and barges pass through. When that door opens the carp seem to sprint like cattle once a gate has opened up.

That’s how they get upstream and into reservoirs for the most part. There are other ways but that’s the big hole in the boat that needs to be plugged!

However, biologists and engineers from several state and federal agencies have been studying the situation for several years now. They’re using some technology that has worked in other areas to dramatically reduce the migration of fish that have, for the most part, had no real bumps in the road, so to speak, as to their meandering journey.

Meanwhile, commercial fishing has been a valuable tool in attempting to combat the invasion. Scores of people are learning the fish are good to eat. Additional markets for Asian carp continue to arise.

Still, the fish seem to remain abundant despite increased efforts by commercial fishermen who have gotten much better as to their efforts to find and catch them. Hopefully more people will see them as a good source.

Modern day sport fishermen, along with recreational boaters, pretty much despise the encroachment of Asian carp. They feel the intruders have offset the balance within reservoirs and competed with several species of fish for plankton and algae, the building blocks at the lower end of the food chain.

Other anglers feel the once abundant aquatic vegetation that helped the overall fishery plus benefitted waterfowl and a host of shorebirds began to disappear once the carp invaded in such massive numbers.

The war on carp has proven to be complex. The fish are new to most fisheries biologists as they really haven’t had the benefit of several years of data bases in their efforts to manage the newcomer.

It has been a learning curve for all involved. Biologists, however, are getting an education as they increase their efforts to manage this invasive species that seems to be a resilient rascal.

There are many more battles to be fought in many different ways. However, the scientific community seems to be in agreement that installation of barriers such as the acoustic fences at dams throughout the river system may be the best tool available to combat the spread, allowing better management.

There’s a big price tag attached to the endeavor. That’s why state and federal agencies need to hear from the public as to whether or not the support base to really attempt to win the war on Asian carp is there!

I hope you’ll join me in voicing your support to TVA and letting them know you approve of their efforts. The lakes you save are your own!

ASIAN CARP DISCOVERED AT CHICKAMAUGA LAKE

The Tennessee Wildlife Resources received a report on Jan. 10 that a silver carp was captured on Chickamauga Lake in October. The angler, Dustin Hinkle, said the invasive fish “jumped into the boat as I deployed my trolling motor.” Hinkle encountered the fish near the Sequoyah Nuclear Plant, and stated he “saw 15-20 more fish near the surface” exhibiting a feeding behavior.

“No additional reports have been made since this occurrence.” said Cole Harty, TWRA’s Aquatic Nuisance Species Coordinator. “This is an excellent reminder to report carp sightings from East Tennessee, where carp are not already known to be established. We encourage anyone reporting to include photos, location information, and if possible keep a fish frozen to share with TWRA.”

Reports can be made by calling the nearest TWRA regional office, or by emailing ANS.TWRA@tn.gov.

It is likely that these fish traveled up the Tennessee River through navigation locks, ultimately finding their way to Chickamauga Lake. “TWRA has been working with multiple partners to limit the spread and impact of invasive Asian carp in Tennessee,” said Frank Fiss, TWRA Fisheries Chief. “This new observation demonstrates the urgency of the issue.”

WAR ON ASIAN CARP BEING FOUGHT ON MANY FRONTS

Last week’s column dealt with some history of Asian Carp’s introduction into our waterways and a new tool---a Bio-Acoustic Fish Fence (BAFF)--- about to be introduced that will enhance the ability of fish and wildlife agencies to curtail migration.

A few members of the media, along with fisheries biologists from Tennessee and Kentucky plus representatives of several federal agencies such as U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers and U. S. Geological Survey were invited to see, first hand, what the BAFF was all about.

We also witnessed a shocking demonstration by Kentucky Fish and Wildlife that showed just how many carp can stage in a small area below locks, awaiting the opportunity to pass through the open doors, clearing the path for mass migration into such reservoirs as Barkley and Kentucky.

The video of thousands of carp erupting has since gone viral on social media plus received a lot of national exposure in newspapers and television as well. I was standing right over the boat when the shocking occurred and it sounded like a waterfall when many fish jumped. It was an eye opener!

Meanwhile, a United Kingdom based company known as Fish Guidance Systems hopes to have the BAFF---a bubble curtain with light and high frequency sound---installed by October if not sooner. Initial plans intended it to be up and running before now but high water below Barkley Dam delayed the project this past spring and summer.

THE BIG PICTURE

The War on Asian Carp is complex and being fought on many fronts.

Far from the flowing waters of Barkley and Kentucky Lakes where the fish have taken center stage lately over a once thriving sport fishery and tourism Mecca are the halls of Congress.

Problems with the carp don’t stop and start at state lines. The enormity of the saga is almost overwhelming.

When the problems first began to show up a few short years ago it was clear state fish and wildlife agencies wouldn’t be able to combat the invasion on their own. State agencies simply didn’t have the money and manpower to tackle such a big issue.

It was also a learning curve for fisheries biologists who didn’t have a lot of experience managing and battling this new intruder.

Sport fishermen began to howl with discontent. Bass, crappie and bluegill fishing started to decline. Resort and restaurants along the lakes started seeing visitors decline, leaving their dollars behind that once nourished a healthy, diverse recreational wonderland.

It quickly became clear the encroachment of Asian Carp was having a negative rippling effect that reached far and wide. It wasn’t just the lake area that was suffering!

Practically everyone had ideas and suggestions on what to do and how to do it.

Commercial harvest of the carp is now underway. While thousands of pounds are being caught many ask if it is even making a dent in the population.

Asian carp can outcompete native species for food. One mature female Asian carp can produce more than 1 million eggs each year!

Were they spawning here in the Tennessee and Kentucky lake areas? Could they be stopped or slowed as to their migration from the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers into local waterways? Was eradication possible or would we have to learn to live with this invasive fish?

Were the carp to blame for the disappearance of aquatic vegetation, which had helped sportfishing, waterfowl and more thrive? Was the decline in shad populations affecting the whole food chain and influencing the degradation of bass and crappie numbers?

So many questions; so few answers.

Quickly emerging in this enormous endeavor was the need for local, state and federal assistance. It was going to take a lot of agencies pooling their resources to stop the carp invasion.

Where would the funding come from to utilize new technology and research? The clock was and is ticking. Carp keep swimming and thriving with few enemies.

With all the questions it became clear the war would never be won unless funding was secured on the federal level. That’s why the war will have to be fought on another battlefield in addition to the creeks, dams, and rivers.

POLITICAL SUPPORT NEEDED

Politicians at all levels are getting their ears bent. Their support base has raised awareness about Asian carp.

“For the past five years Tennessee Wildlife Federation has been hard at work fighting for solutions and resources to combat the invasion,” said Mike Butler, Chief Executive Officer of The Tennessee Wildlife Federation. “Practically speaking our work has focused in three areas.”

“The first has been informing the public on what is happening with Asian carp and the threat these fish pose to our native fish and river recreation. We have spent considerable time and resources getting the message on this crisis out to media outlets, social media, and the public at large. People need to understand the severity of the problem in order to help us with supporting the solutions.”

“The second has been to engage and motivate citizens, professionals, and elected officials to get to work on those solutions, primarily securing the financial resources to put solutions in place. Specifically, we hold a monthly Asian carp conference call to bring together all relevant decision makers so that we are all on the same page coordinating the efforts being made, the needs we face, and the strategies we need to work together on to fix this problem.

“We also are launching a second call to further organize all the grassroots efforts that we have generated and that we see being generated in Tennessee and the region so that they can become an effective force for supporting solutions that combat Asian carp.”

“The third is working directly with members of congress, the state house of representatives, and the governor's office to keep them apprised of what we need to effectively address this Asian carp crises. This work began when we helped pass of the state Asian Carp Task Force legislation that elevated this issue and began the support for commercial fishermen three years ago.

To date, our elected officials' response to the problem has been positive. Of course what matters most is results, and we will have an opportunity to see if those results can be achieved when the final federal budget is announced. Senator Lamar Alexander is actively working with Senate Leader Mitch McConnell and Chairman Shelby toward a $25 million appropriation that would provide critical funding to support barriers on our river locks and incentivize commercial fishermen to remove Asian carp from our public rivers,” continued Butler.

Additionally, we are working with Governor Bill Lee and his administration toward a broader state response that could further assist TWRA and their ongoing work in attacking this problem.

One thing that is important to realize is that we are still in the early stages of effectively combating the Asian carp problem. In order for us to protect our native fisheries and our outdoor recreation lifestyle on the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers, we are going to need the everyone’s help, and we are going to need sustained financial resources from our elected officials over the long term.”

“If we don't take advantage of this opportunity now,” says Butler, the cost to attack this problem will skyrocket. Being aggressive and resolute right now is critical to any chance of future success."

WAR ON ASIAN CARP HAS NEW WEAPON

Most wars are won fighting one battle at a time. Those on the frontlines in the war on Asian Carp are hoping a new weapon about to be introduced will turn the tide in their favor.

So far, slugging it out in the trenches with a variety of attempts and a lack of funding has proven to be pretty tough going for fish and wildlife agencies trying hold back these slick and slimy intruders.

Earlier this week an experimental device was introduce to the media at Barkley Dam where biologists, media representatives from across the region, representatives from U. S. Geological Survey, U. S. Fish and Wildlife, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Kentucky Fish and Wildlife and Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency blended with politicians and other conservation groups to see what’s up.

Everyone is concerned about the encroachment of Asian Carp these days. From recreational boaters and lakefront property owners to fishermen, waterfowl hunters, restaurant owners, real estate agents, resorts and any tourism related businesses. Their concerns are justified. Yours should be too!

Asian Carp entered local waterways a few years ago as uninvited guests. From an initial stocking imported in the 1970’s by Arkansas farmers hoping to combat environmental issues and aquatic plant growth, the fish took off swimming once floods occurred, dispersing slowly via small tributaries into the Mississippi River.

Once the fish escaped their initial stocking ponds---it’s also believed some were stocked from Arkansas and transported into Illinois by a farmer attempting to address hog manure issues---they had no boundaries. Fast forward to today and they’re migrating via locks at dams into every waterway that touches the mighty Mississippi River… and that’s one vast area.

From the Great Lakes to our own Kentucky and Barkley reservoirs, fisheries biologists are battling a stubborn enemies whose numbers are increasing. However, the carp---namely big head and silvers---plus a few other species such as white amur are tough to contain. They’re quite prolific with very few enemies other than a few commercial fishermen’s nets.

Enter the recently announced weapon---a Bio-Acoustic Fish Fence (BAFF) which casts a barrier of bubbles plus sound and light which will hopefully deflect the easily spooked, noise sensitive Asian carp from entering an area, namely locks at dams on major waterways.

Migration of the fish is occurring at locks as the fish stage in the tailrace of dams where current washes phytoplankton and zooplankton buffets their way. Such areas are major comfort zones.

When barges lock through dams and the gates open the fish seize the opportunity to follow yet another path, same as they did from their origin in Arkansas back in the 1970’s.

“Asian carp are sensitive to sound and disturbances in the water,” said Kentucky Fish and Wildlife fisheries director Ron Brooks. “The barrier, along with commercial fishing efforts already underway, aim to significantly reduce the number of Asian carp in Kentucky and Barkley lakes.”

“Similar systems have been used on the west coast in the guidance and movement of trout and salmon,” said Dr. David Lambert, managing director of the United Kingdom based Fish Guidance Systems who builds and installs the barriers.

“This will be the first one built targeting Asian Carp,” said Lambert when asked about his company’s experience battling Asian Carp. “We think it will work but it may take some fine tuning as to the carp’s ability to adapt to the sounds and the bubble curtain. We have the ability to monitor and change frequencies. It’s quite sophisticated!”

From a series of concrete bases buried at the north side or down current entrance to the lock at Barkley Dam, the BAFF system is anchored within these unique formations.

A huge crane will lower the system and its concrete bases from a work boat. Divers will then make underwater adjustments.

“We’ve had to submerged the system so as to avoid conflict with barges moving through plus allow for water level fluctuation yet continue to function when all that takes place,” he continued.

Biologists and engineers know the system, which will get going in early fall, will not stop all the carp migration. However, they hope it will greatly reduce it to the extent additional barriers placed elsewhere on a river system will become active ingredients in the recipe to reduce carp migration.

If the barriers work then their influence, plus the efforts now underway by commercial fishermen to catch and market fish, just may be what fisheries folks need to win this war one battle at a time.

Meanwhile, above water lie additional challenges. To keep the unique barrier projects on the board and implemented takes political support from local, state and federal agencies, namely appropriations from Congress.

This endeavor is no small ordeal. From the grassroots levels have come massive numbers of concerned constituents who are seeing, first hand, the degradation and long range negative rippling effect Asian Carp are causing to not only the lakes and rivers they’ve enter but the communities and regions nearby.

(In part two of the War on Asian Carp we’ll touch more on why it took so long to implement the Barkley Dam project, more input from biologists and why the average everyday fishermen today has a dismal outlook on his fishing future yet may now have reason for optimism!)

KENTUCKY POLITICIAN'S DECLARE
WAR ON ASIAN CARP!!!

Asian carp’s uninvited encroachment into both Kentucky and Barkley Lakes have attracted the attention of some very powerful politicians in Kentucky this week. They’re using their power and influence to declare War on Carp!

The uphill battle being fought at the local and state levels has been hoping to get lawmakers attention in Washington for quite some time. It appears that has succeeded.

To wage the battle and win the war state fisheries biologists in the region have long known their resources were limited. Recently the fight was clearly headed to a battlefield that didn’t stop or start at stateliness.

Both Tennessee and Kentucky have been working together recently but what they needed was a combined effort of state and federal agencies pulling together on the same end of the rope. Without that cooperation biologists in both states have long known the hill was too steep to climb on their own.

To make a dent in the Asian carp invasion it will take efforts from U.S. Fish and Wildlife, Tennessee Valley Authority, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Kentucky Fish and Wildlife, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency and anyone else they can get to come on board.

At midweek U.S. Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell of Kentucky successfully secured a provision in the Senate Interior Appropriations bill to combat the spread of Asian Carp in both Kentucky Lake and Lake Barkley in Western Kentucky. Senator McConnell, a senior member of the Senate Appropriations Committee, secured the provision in the Interior Appropriations Bill that has passed the Committee and now must be approved by the full Senate.

Senator McConnell’s language directs the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to focus its efforts on combatting the serious threat of Asian Carp in both Kentucky lakes. The legislation also provides $11 million dollars -- a $600,000 increase from last year’s enacted level -- for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to control Asian Carp in both lakes and the larger Mississippi and Ohio River Basins.

“Fishing is a multi-billion dollar industry in Kentucky, pumping an estimated $1.2 billion into the Western Kentucky economy alone. Kentucky Lake and Lake Barkley are popular fishing areas that are being threatened by the existence and the spread of Asian Carp, and we must protect them. Not only are these fish a danger for the local economy, they are also a safety hazard for anglers and boaters,” Senator McConnell said. “There are a number of important priorities that come before the Senate, but as Senate Majority Leader, I am able to bring a national focus right here to Western Kentucky to protect our vital interests.”

Kentucky Congressman James Comer is supporting the effort to request money from Congress specifically for Kentucky and Tennessee. The goal is to dramatically reduce carp in these waters by subsidizing the price per pound for Asian Carp and to provide ice and transportation to markets from the lake for commercial fisherman.

Folks are hoping the movement stimulates plans to conduct more research to find better ways to remove carp as well as test and possibly purchase acoustic barrier systems to deter carp from moving further up river systems through dams such as Kentucky and Barkley. Area tourism and government say it will succeed if we all do this together.

Congressman Comer appears to have hit the ground running and will hold an Oversight and Government Reform Committee Field Briefing in Eddyville, Kentucky on July 27. The hearing will address the growing problem of Asian carp in Kentucky’s waters and examine the federal response to this invasive species.

This public event will feature testimony from witnesses representing the Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife, local fishing and tourism industries, and federal agencies involved in Asian carp programs and initiatives.

Tennessee sportsmen are watching Kentucky’s political movement closely as this will greatly help the situation in the Volunteer State. The carp are entering southern areas after migrating from the Mississippi River drainage into any tributary river and reservoir.

Hopefully Tennessee’s delegation will get on board and follow Kentucky’s lead as it appears giant steps are being taken to address the issue.

Stay tuned as there a lot more to come as it appears things are headed in the right direction. Practically all of Tennessee’s politicians running for congress, governor and senate seats are coming out and addressing the saga of Asian carp as they’ve had their ears bent at most every whistle stop along the campaign trail!

And who would have ever thought carp could sway an election? Then again it makes sense as some elections have been known to have a fishy smell to them!

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PUBLIC MEETING TO ADDRESS ASIAN CARP SAGA

Practically everyone is asking about Asian carp. Even folks far away from the Kentucky Lake fishing scene have heard about them and are wondering what’s up?

From disillusioned crappie anglers to concerned commercial fishermen trying to make a living, most everyone who wets a hook and even those who don’t are voicing concern. Are the Asian carp having a significant impact on the overall fisheries of both Barkley and Kentucky Lake?

Asian carp appear to be increasing in numbers. Sportfishermen have long voiced concern over the status of this uninvited guest.

Crappie fishermen have seen their fishery diminish as the carp numbers have increased. Bass fishermen don’t like them either and feel they displace any fish in an area once they invade.

Veteran commercial fishermen say they’ve seen a significant decline in threadfin shad, often having trouble finding enough in their throw nets to supply bait for their trotlines.

Further red flags have been issued by crappie anglers who report very thin fish. Most anglers feel the forage base is down, resulting in inferior physiology of mid-size and large crappie.

More than a few anglers feel the Asian carp are competing with young of the year fish for phytoplankton and zooplankton, the low end of the food chain that is sending a message on down the line.

There are a lot of questions on the minds of fishermen and other tourism related businesses. Many such businesses say they are hearing a lot of negative feedback from visitors voicing concern over the lack of crappie and bass.

It has been a mean spring. Catch rates for crappie and bass anglers have been down. It was indeed a long cold spring where inclimate weather lingered far too long. Yet the lion’s share of anglers feel the Asian carp are part of the problem, at least to some extent.

Biologically speaking are the Asian carp indeed having a negative impact on our fishery? What can be done to reduce the advancement of the carp? What has been done already and what are the plans for the future?

Is the problem too big for just one state wildlife department to address? Have state agencies been too slow to respond to this invasion and do they lack the expertise to combat it?

Budget and manpower are factors too. Should federal agencies such as U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Tennessee Valley Authority and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers join forces with state wildlife agencies and pool their resources better?

So many questions; so little time!

Everyone seems to have an opinion. It is, however, a complicated issue with no quick fix.

If you are concerned and would like to learn more about what’s going on then make plans to attend an upcoming meeting that will better inform you of the whole scenario.

Odds are you’ll gain a better perspective of what we’re up against and what lies ahead. Help spread the word and bring your fishing buddies to the meeting and them bring theirs. Here’s the scoop:

The Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency will hold a public meeting on Thursday, May 24th in Paris to discuss concerns about Asian carp that have become unwelcome inhabitants of the Tennessee River and Cumberland River systems.

The meeting is set to begin at 6:30 p.m. in the Enoch Building located within the Henry County Fairgrounds at 517 Royal Oaks Drive in Paris.

“We will present an update on Asian carp and the agency’s involvement in control strategies, but we will also be talking about local sport fisheries in general,” said Frank Fiss, the Chief of TWRA’s Fisheries Division.

Tim Broadbent, a long-time TWRA biologist and manager, who has spent much of his career surveying fish populations in Kentucky Lake and Lake Barkley, will accompany Fiss as the agency’s spokesmen.

“There are four species of non-native Asian carp that have populated Tennessee’s waterways,” noted Fiss. “We will present updates of our current research efforts and control measures.”

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